Conventional Loans Complete Guide 2026: Everything You Need to Know

What is a conventional loan and how does it work?

Conventional loans are the most common mortgage type, accounting for approximately 70% of all home loans. They follow guidelines established by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the government-sponsored enterprises that purchase mortgages from lenders.

Key characteristics of conventional loans:

• Not government-insured unlike FHA, VA, or USDA loans
• Conforming limits set annually by FHFA
• Flexible down payment options from 3% to 20%+
• PMI required with less than 20% down (removable)
• Available for primary homes, second homes, and investments

What are the 2026 conventional loan requirements?

Credit Score Requirements

Conventional loans have tiered credit requirements affecting pricing and approval:

• Minimum 620 for most conventional programs
• 680+ for optimal pricing and terms
• 740+ for the best available pricing
• Higher scores offset other risk factors

Down Payment Options

Conventional loans offer flexible down payment structures:

• 3% down: Available for first-time buyers through Fannie Mae HomeReady or Freddie Mac Home Possible
• 5% down: Standard conventional option for most borrowers
• 10% down: Reduced PMI costs compared to lower down payments
• 20%+ down: No PMI required, best pricing

Debt-to-Income Ratio

DTI measures your monthly debts against gross income:

• Standard maximum: 45% DTI
• With compensating factors: Up to 50% DTI possible
• Compensating factors include: High credit scores, significant reserves, low LTV

How do conventional loans compare to government loans?

Conventional vs. FHA Loans

• Down payment: Conventional 3-5% vs. FHA 3.5%
• Mortgage insurance: Conventional PMI is removable; FHA MIP often permanent
• Credit flexibility: FHA more lenient on credit issues
• Loan limits: Same conforming limits in most areas
• Property standards: Conventional typically less restrictive

Conventional vs. VA Loans

• Eligibility: VA requires military service; conventional open to all
• Down payment: VA offers 0% down; conventional minimum 3%
• Mortgage insurance: VA has no monthly MI; conventional has PMI under 20%
• Funding fee: VA has funding fee; conventional has no equivalent

Understanding Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)

When is PMI required?

PMI is required on conventional loans with less than 20% down payment. It protects the lender if you default on the loan.

PMI cost factors

• Credit score (higher scores = lower PMI)
• Down payment amount (more down = lower PMI)
• Loan-to-value ratio
• Property type and occupancy

How to remove PMI

1. Automatic termination: At 78% LTV based on original value
2. Borrower request: At 80% LTV with good payment history
3. New appraisal: If home value increased significantly
4. Refinancing: Into new loan with 20%+ equity

Why do wholesale brokers offer better conventional loan pricing?

Lower overhead means lower costs

Wholesale mortgage brokers operate without the expensive infrastructure of retail banks:

• No branch network to maintain
• Minimal advertising expenses
• Streamlined operations and technology
• Direct lender relationships without middlemen

Competition among lenders benefits you

Wholesale brokers submit your loan to multiple lenders, creating competition for your business. This pricing pressure typically results in better terms than a single retail bank can offer.

Access to specialized programs

Different wholesale lenders excel in different areas:

• Some offer aggressive pricing for high credit scores
• Others specialize in lower down payment programs
• Certain lenders handle complex income documentation better
• Your broker matches your profile to the optimal lender

Conventional loan property types

Single-Family Homes

The most straightforward conventional loan option with the best pricing and terms available for primary residences.

Condominiums

Condos require additional review of the HOA:

• Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac project approval (or review waiver)
• HOA financial health assessment
• Owner-occupancy ratios
• Litigation status review

Multi-Family Properties (2-4 Units)

Conventional loans allow financing of 2-4 unit properties:

• Must occupy one unit as primary residence
• Rental income can help qualify
• Higher down payment requirements than single-family
• Different loan limits than single-family homes

Second Homes

Conventional loans for vacation properties:

• Minimum 10% down payment typically required
• Must be suitable for year-round occupancy
• Cannot be rental property
• Reasonable distance from primary residence

Investment Properties

Conventional financing for rental properties:

• Minimum 15-25% down payment
• Higher credit score requirements
• Reserve requirements (typically 6 months PITI)
• Rental income may be used for qualification

The conventional loan application process

1. Pre-Approval: Submit income, asset, and credit documentation for comprehensive pre-approval
2. Property Search: Shop with confidence knowing your financing is ready
3. Loan Application: Complete full application once under contract
4. Processing: Loan processor verifies all documentation
5. Appraisal: Property appraised to confirm value
6. Underwriting: Underwriter reviews complete file for approval
7. Clear to Close: Final approval and closing disclosure issued
8. Closing: Sign documents and fund the loan

Frequently Asked Questions

What credit score do I need for a conventional loan?

The minimum credit score for most conventional loans is 620, though some programs require 640+. For optimal pricing, aim for 740 or higher. Borrowers between 620-680 can qualify but may face higher costs. Individual circumstances vary—contact a licensed loan officer for personalized guidance.

Can I get a conventional loan with 3% down?

Yes. Fannie Mae's HomeReady and Freddie Mac's Home Possible programs allow 3% down for qualified borrowers. First-time buyers (no ownership in past 3 years) and those meeting income limits may qualify. Standard conventional loans require minimum 5% down.

How is conventional PMI different from FHA mortgage insurance?

Conventional PMI can be removed once you reach 20% equity—either through payments, appreciation, or both. FHA mortgage insurance premium (MIP) typically remains for the life of the loan on purchases with less than 10% down, making conventional loans often more cost-effective long-term.

What are conforming loan limits for 2026?

The 2026 conforming loan limit for single-family homes in most of the U.S. is $806,500. High-cost areas like Orange County have the same limit. Loans exceeding this amount require jumbo financing with different requirements.

Can I use gift funds for my conventional loan down payment?

Yes. Gift funds from family members are permitted for conventional loans. The gift must be properly documented with a gift letter stating no repayment is expected. Some programs require a minimum borrower contribution from their own funds.

How long does a conventional loan take to close?

Most conventional loans close in 30-45 days from application. Wholesale brokers often close faster than retail banks due to streamlined operations and established lender relationships. Complex files or property issues may extend timelines.

Ready to explore conventional loan options?

Conventional loans offer the flexibility, competitive pricing, and long-term advantages that make them the most popular mortgage choice. Working with an experienced wholesale mortgage broker ensures you access the best available pricing from multiple lenders competing for your business.

Contact us today for a free consultation and personalized conventional loan rate comparison. Our wholesale lender relationships and expert guidance help you secure optimal financing for your home purchase or refinance.